适用于不同 Windows 和平台的功能

本指南将帮助你自定义 Tauri 应用的功能。

¥This guide will help you customize the capabilities of your Tauri app.

本指南的内容

¥Content of this guide

• 在 Tauri 应用中创建多个窗口

  ¥Create multiple windows in a Tauri app

• 对不同的窗口使用不同的功能

  ¥Use different capabilities for different windows

• 使用平台特定功能

  ¥Use platform-specific capabilities

先决条件

¥Prerequisites

本练习应在完成 Using Plugin Permissions 后阅读。

¥This exercise is meant to be read after completing Using Plugin Permissions.

指南

¥Guide

1. Create Multiple Windows in a Tauri Application

   Here we create an app with two windows labelled first and second. There are multiple ways to create windows in your Tauri application.

   Create Windows with the Tauri Configuration File

   In the Tauri configuration file, usually named tauri.conf.json:

   Show solution

     "productName": "multiwindow",
     ...
     "app": {
       "windows": [
         {
           "label": "first",
           "title": "First",
           "width": 800,
           "height": 600
         },
         {
           "label": "second",
           "title": "Second",
           "width": 800,
           "height": 600
         }
       ],
     },
     ...
   }

   Create Windows Programmatically

   In the Rust code to create a Tauri app:

   Show solution

   tauri::Builder::default()
       .invoke_handler(tauri::generate_handler![greet])
       .setup(|app| {
           let webview_url = tauri::WebviewUrl::App("index.html".into());
           // First window
           tauri::WebviewWindowBuilder::new(app, "first", webview_url.clone())
               .title("First")
               .build()?;
           // Second window
           tauri::WebviewWindowBuilder::new(app, "second", webview_url)
               .title("Second")
               .build()?;
           Ok(())
       })
       .run(context)
       .expect("error while running tauri application");

2. Apply Different Capabilities to Different Windows

   The windows of a Tauri app can use different features or plugins of the Tauri backend. For better security it is recommended to only give the necessary capabilities to each window. We simulate a scenario where the first windows uses filesystem and dialog functionalities and second only needs dialog functionalities.

   Separate capability files per category

   It is recommended to separate the capability files per category of actions they enable.

   Show solution

   JSON files in the src-tauri/capabilities will be taken into account for the capability system. Here we separate capabilities related to the filesystem and dialog window into filesystem.json and dialog.json.

   filetree of the Tauri project:

   /src
   /src-tauri
     /capabilities
       filesystem.json
       dialog.json
     tauri.conf.json
   package.json
   README.md

   Give filesystem capabilities to the first window

   We give the first window the capability to have read access to the content of the $HOME directory.

   Show solution

   Use the windows field in a capability file with one or multiple window labels.

   filesystem.json

   {
     "identifier": "fs-read-home",
     "description": "Allow access file access to home directory",
     "local": true,
     "windows": ["first"],
     "permissions": [
       "fs:allow-home-read",
     ]
   }

   Give dialog capabilities to the first and second window

   We give to first and second windows the capability to create a “Yes/No” dialog

   Show solution

   Use the windows field in a capability file with one or multiple window labels.

   dialog.json

   {
     "identifier": "dialog",
     "description": "Allow to open a dialog",
     "local": true,
     "windows": ["first", "second"],
     "permissions": ["dialog:allow-ask"]
   }

3. Make Capabilities Platform Dependent

   We now want to customize the capabilities to be active only on certain platforms. We make our filesystem capabilities only active on linux and windows.

   Show solution

   Use the platforms field in a capability file to make it platform-specific.

   filesystem.json

   {
     "identifier": "fs-read-home",
     "description": "Allow access file access to home directory",
     "local": true,
     "windows": ["first"],
     "permissions": [
       "fs:allow-home-read",
     ],
     "platforms": ["linux", "windows"]
   }

   The currently available platforms are linux, windows, macos, android, and ios.

结论和资源

¥Conclusion and Resources

我们已经学会了如何在 Tauri 应用中创建多个窗口并赋予它们特定的功能。此外，这些功能还可以针对某些平台。

¥We have learned how to create multiple windows in a Tauri app and give them specific capabilities. Furthermore these capabilities can also be targeted to certain platforms.

可以在 Tauri Github 存储库 的 api 示例 中找到使用窗口功能的示例应用。功能文件中使用的字段在 功能 参考中列出。

¥An example application that used window capabilities can be found in the api example of the Tauri Github repository. The fields that can be used in a capability file are listed in the Capability reference.